La mentoría como programa de formación en el inicio de la vida profesional del docente principiante se presenta como una oportunidad para la mejora de la calidad de las instituciones educativas y de sus agentes. Al mismo tiempo, revierte sobre la comunidad y el territorio donde se ubica. En contextos reconocidos como vulnerables se necesitan agentes educativos vocacionales y con un alto nivel de resiliencia, y con una meta clara: formar a personas plenas que contribuyan con su sentir, ser y (...) hacer al desarrollo de la comunidad en la que habitan. (shrink)

SENA, Luzia (Org.). Ensino religioso e formação docente . (Religious teaching and teacher qualification) Amauri Carlos Ferreira SANGENIS, Luiz Fernando Conde. Gênese do pensamento único em educação: franciscanismo e jesuitismo na história da educação brasileira. (Genesis of an only thought in education: franciscanism and Jesuitism in the history of Brazilian education) Antônio Francisco da Silva TREVISAN, A. Santo Tomás de Aquino – O Credo: tradução, prefácio, introdução e notas. (Saint Thomas of Aquinas – The Creed: translation, preface, introduction and (...) notes) Ivonei Antônio de Oliveira BENELLI, Sílvio José. Pescadores de homens. Estudo psicossocial de um seminário católico. (Fishers of men. A psycho-social study of a Catholic seminary) João Batista Libanio ESTRADA, Juan Antonio. A impossível teodicéia: a crise de fé em Deus e o problema do mal. (The impossible theodicy: the crisis of faith in God and the problem of evil) Lindomar Rocha Mota USARSKI, Frank. Constituintes da Ciência da Religião: cinco ensaios em prol de uma disciplina. (Constituents of the science of religion: five essays on behalf of a discipline) Roberlei Panasiewicz CONGAR, Yves. Ele é o Senhor e dá a vida. (He is the Lord and bestows life) Roberlei Panasiewicz. (shrink)

In Brazil, induced abortion in adolescents has been frequent in less-advantaged socioeconomic classes, and the vulnerability of these adolescents has not been addressed. Given this context, the present study sought to investigate the relationship between the practice of abortion and vulnerability in adolescents. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 201 adolescents who completed a structured questionnaire that allowed the analysis of variables with respect to intent to abort. The profile of the pregnant adolescents in the sample studied was the (...) following: average age, 16.1 years; stable partner; mulatas; did not use condoms during sexual relations; precocious with respect to their first sexual relations; and did not plan the pregnancy. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, 81.59% of the subjects‘ abortions were known to be induced. Twenty-one were vulnerable to induced abortion; of these, 13 reported forced sexual intercourse, of whom 8 reported that they had suffered associated violence. These results indicate that sexual violence and unwanted pregnancy subject adolescents to a context of greater vulnerability to induced abortion. Thus, it is suggested that this relationship should be considered from the perspective of bioethics and human rights, but always respecting the cultural values of the society in which the adolescents live, as well as their human dignity. (shrink)

This paper presents a critical reflection on insights into the ongoing endeavours for community engagement by Ayara and MAL; two urban grassroot organisations in Bogota, Colombia, where a long history of internal conflicts has resulted in diverse human right violations. The paper presents examples of the grassroots organisations’ unique methods of engagement that promotes building collective intelligence from the bottom–up through creative collaboration and design processes, leading to rebuilding social fabrics that support the common good for the people of Bogota.

Las imágenes de Dios constituyen el núcleo del lenguaje religioso. Al poner en relación a Dios con los problemas y preocupaciones humanos, surge una motivación e inspiración que moviliza y fascina. La filosofía no sólo tiene como misión el diálogo con los distintos saberes y lenguajes, sino también su evaluación y crítica, analizando sus presupuestos, fines y consecuencias. En este volumen se analizan las imágenes de Dios en relación con el monoteísmo y el politeísmo, la violencia, la pluralidad de religiones, (...) la política, el nacionalismo, el nihilismo, el mal y la metafísica, así como los mismos lenguajes de la filosofía y de la ciencia. La ambigüedad de las imágenes religiosas, la tendencia a confundir a Dios con sus representaciones, la manipulación de Dios en la religión y en la sociedad, son algunas de las temáticas que se abordan. Especial incidencia tiene el problema de la violencia y sus raíces religiosas, al que se dedican varios trabajos, que ha cobrado trágica actualidad con el resurgir de los fundamentalismos e integrismos que se legitiman apelando a Dios. De ahí la importancia de una actitud crítica y racional, ya que la razón no lo es todo pero debe estar en todas partes so pena de fanatismos irracionales. Esto es lo que se pretende con estos trabajos, que apelan por igual a la crítica ilustrada y a la sospecha y el discernimiento en las tradiciones religiosas. (shrink)

En el terreno de la moral, el contraste entre lo ¿que el filósofo Wilfrid Sellars denominó «la ¿imagen manifiesta» y la «imagen científica» es enorme y tiene unas consecuencias prácticas ineludibles. Este libro reduce la distancia entre esa imagen manifiesta y la imagen científica, dotando al lector de referencias fundamentales, enfoques diversos y un amplio abanico de temáticas a partir de investigaciones experimentales sobre nuestra conducta moral.

In this paper we show that, when analyzed with contemporary tools in logic—such as Dunn-style semantics, Reichenbach’s three-valued logic exhibits many interesting features, and even new responses to some of the old objections to it can be attempted. Also, we establish some connections between Reichenbach’s three-valued logic and some contra-classical logics.

En este artículo presentamos las principales corrientes de la Filosofía Experimental y atendemos a una de las críticas más severas a la que se ha sometido este reciente programa de renovación metodológica. Según Antti Kauppinen la Filosofía Experimental está condenada al fracaso porque no puede obtener mediante sus métodos el tipo de intuiciones que interesan a los filósofos –las intuiciones robustas del hablante competente. Aun aceptando parte de las críticas de Kauppinen, en este artículo sostenemos, en primer lugar, que la (...) supuesta incapacidad de la Filosofía Experimental para acceder a las intuiciones robustas de los hablantes tiene que ver en gran medida con los métodos experimentales empleados hasta ahora por los filósofos experimentales. En segundo lugar, defendemos que el proyecto de reforma llevado a cabo desde la Filosofía Experimental resultará viable solo si se adoptan una serie de consejos metodológicos procedentes de la economía experimental. Únicamente entonces podrán los experimentalistas responder con éxito a la objeción de Kauppinen. (shrink)

This paper develops the very basic notions of analysis in a weak second-order theory of arithmetic BTFA whose provably total functions are the polynomial time computable functions. We formalize within BTFA the real number system and the notion of a continuous real function of a real variable. The theory BTFA is able to prove the intermediate value theorem, wherefore it follows that the system of real numbers is a real closed ordered field. In the last section of the paper, we (...) show how to interpret the theory BTFA in Robinson's theory of arithmetic Q. This fact entails that the elementary theory of the real closed ordered fields is interpretable in Q. (shrink)

No hay duda sobre el actual cambio de época. Se traduce en nombres como postmodernidad, tardo-modernidad y globalización, para designar la nueva fase histórica que hemos iniciado. Desde otra perspectiva podemos hablar de la tercera revolución industrial, que pone el énfasis en la ciencia y en la tecnología como motores del progreso y de la evolución social. Se trata de una auténtica revolución en la que surge un nuevo paradigma de comprensión del ser humano y del mundo. La sociedad como (...) un todo está influida por el cambio científico técnico, con lo que ya no hay áreas exentas y la ciencia plantea problemas en todos los ámbitos culturales, incluida la religión. (shrink)

La pregunta por el hombre ha generado distintas respuestas. Las antropologías están ligadas a los códigos culturales y en éstos han sido determinantes las teologías. En esta breve reflexión se analizan las antropologías hebreas, griegas y cristianas, comparándolas y especificando sus aportaciones a la cultura occidental. Se concluye con algunas indicaciones sobre la discusión antropológica actual.

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a recíproca dependência dos direitos fundamentais, democracia e da paz, como três momentos integrantes do mesmo movimento histórico. Sem a devida proteção das liberdades fundamentais não se perfaz um governo democrático, pois, aludido regime sustenta-se na soberania popular, na separação de poderes e respeito pleno aos direitos humanos. Por outro lado, nota-se a paz como elemento intrínseco da ordem republicana, posto que fundada segundo os princípios cardeais da liberdade, igualdade e solidariedade. Destarte, necessária se (...) faz uma interpretação contemporânea buscando, sobretudo, o fortalecimento gradual e simultâneo desses três valores essenciais. (shrink)

In this article we aim to provide insights about the challenges stakeholders in Portugal and across the globe may face throughout the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic to reorganize coach training programs and suggest strategies to help coaches learn. Such reflection may help stakeholders across socio-cultural contexts consider the consequences of the changes made to coach training programs, the rationale for these decisions and the need to acknowledge existent challenges such as lower course completion rates, pressures to deliver the curriculum and (...) dilemmatic decisions about course format. Furthermore, we also suggest pathways for stakeholders to develop strategies that consider contextual variables and contribute to meaningful learning. Based on the Portuguese context, several issues are discussed. (shrink)

This paper presents a new method - which does not rely on the cut-elimination theorem - for characterizing the provably total functions of certain intuitionistic subsystems of arithmetic. The new method hinges on a realizability argument within an infinitary language. We illustrate the method for the intuitionistic counterpart of Buss's theory Smath image, and we briefly sketch it for the other levels of bounded arithmetic and for the theory IΣ1.

Al finalizar el siglo XX resulta inevitable hacer un recorrido, establecer un balance y ofrecer algunas conclusiones, que sirvan de referencia para abordar los retos del siglo XXI. El pensamiento filosófico moderno ha cambiado en el siglo XX respecto al decimonónico, aunque muchas de sus líneas y corrientes principales están en continuidad con las tradiciones anteriores. En este artículo vamos a centrarnos en tres cambios fundamentales que se han dado en el pasado siglo, mostrando la novedad y la discontinuidad de (...) la tradición filosófica, para, a partir de ahí, plantear algunos retos actuales XX. Asumimos como referencia fundamental la tradición filosófica alemana, sin duda ninguna la más influyente en el continente, y también a la anglosajona, que recoge buena parte de las tradiciones que han surgido fuera de Europa. En el siglo XX ha habido otras corrientes importantes, sobre todo la francesa, con aportaciones menores pero también significativas de otras áreas de pensamiento como Italia, Europa del Este y en menor medida España y América Latina. Sin embargo, la tradición alemana y la anglosajona han sido las más determinantes y las que han tenido una continuidad mayor, así como siguen siendo las más vivas e influyentes al comenzar el siglo XXI. (shrink)

Si la utopía consiste en la afirmación del deber ser respecto del ser, en la apertura a valores e ideales que permitan transformar la realidad, los derechos humanos son la expresión concreta de la utopía en el siglo XX. El autor estudia el problema de la fundamentación, reconocimiento y explicitación de los derechos humanos desde el apriori fundamental de la dignidad humana, que es el presupuesto irreversible implícito a cualquier afirmación de los derechos humanos. A partir de ahí, analiza el (...) contenido utópico de esos derechos, el contexto histórico en el que han surgido los de primera y segunda generación, y los problemas actualmente pendientes a la hora de universalizarlos y aplicarlos a las diversas culturas. De esta forma, la doble dinámica de la dignidad y derechos humanos se presenta como el núcleo mismo del pensamiento utópico a finales del siglo XX. (shrink)

Research has demonstrated that policing is a stressful occupation and has a negative impact on police officers’ mental and physical health, performance, and interactions with citizens. Mental health at the workplace has become a concern due to the costs of depression, anxiety, burnout, and even suicide, which is high among police officers.To ameliorate occupational health, it is crucial therefore to identify stress and burnout levels on a regular basis. However, the instruments frequently used to measure stress have not valorized the (...) specificity of policing tasks. This study aims: i) conducting a literature review, to identify questionnaires used to assess occupational stress and burnout among police officers; ii) to analyze the psychometric characteristics of a Portuguese version of Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op); and, using the PSQ-op and other questionnaires, iii) to identify operational stress, burnout, and distress levels among Portuguese police officers. The literature review identified 108 studies, which use a multiplicity of questionnaires to measure burnout or occupational stress among police officers, but few studies use specific police stress questionnaires. Sample sizes were mostly below 500 participants and studies were mainly developed in the last decade in the USA and Brazil, but also in another 24 countries, showing the extent of the interest in this topic. This study applied to 2057 police officers from National Portuguese Police, a force policing urban centers, the PSQ-Op, as well the Spanish Burnout Inventory and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.The results show that the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of PSQ-Op are adequate. Factorial analysis revealed two dimensions defined as social and work issues, which were associated with measures of distress and burnout.Fit indices suggested a second-order solution called operational police stress. Overall, and considering the scale range of each questionnaire, the results showed moderate values of operational stress, distress, and burnout. However, considering their cut-off points, 85% of the sample presented high operational stress levels, 11% critical values for burnout, and 28% high distress levels, with 55% of the sample at risk of psychological disorder. These results reinforce the need to prevent stress and to invest in police officers’ occupational health. (shrink)

Comparative study of the knowledge of IVF in medical students of universities with different ethical and humanistic valuesEstudo comparativo do conhecimento das técnicas de reprodução assistida em estudantes de Medicina de universidades com diferentes ideários éticos e humanísticosIn vitro fertilization continues to be presented as a relatively simple solution to produce a pregnancy without exposing the medical and ethical problems that this represents. This project consisted of conducting a survey to medical students from three medical schools in Mexico City with (...) different ethical and humanistic ideas with the aim of evaluating knowledge about IVF techniques and their ethical implications. The survey was applied to 404 medical students. Students in schools with personalistic ethics had a greater recognition of the bioethical principles involved in the use of these techniques. Knowledge of the technique and ethical issues involved in assisted reproduction could improve the sensitivity of medical students to ethical dilemmas that arise in their professional practice.Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigoCantú-Quintanilla G, Vidal-Sentíes C, Marcó-Bach FJ, Camargo-Prieto F, Aguiñaga-Chiñas N, Contreras-Estrada D. Estudio comparativo del conocimiento de las técnicas de reproducción asistida en estudiantes de medicina de universidades con diferentes idearios éticos y humanísticos. Pers Bioet. 2020;24:166-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.2.4Recibido: 04/09/2019Aceptado: 05/08/2020Publicado: 27/11/2020. (shrink)

Entendida em sentido amplo, como reconstrução autotranscendente, a aprendizagem requer, para potencializar a razão crítico-discursiva, uma dimensão intersubjetiva e uma relação assimétrica entre professor e estudante. No ciberespaço, âmbito linguístico específico que ocasiona processos de socialização e de individualização, o entendimento do que constitui aprendizagem válida passa, necessariamente, pelo diálogo entre educadores. A partir de interrogações de índole epistemológica, o artigo insere-se nesse diálogo. Depois de caracterizar a hipermídia como a linguagem do ciberespaço e identificar diferentes perfis de leitores de (...) hipermídia, duas afirmações são ensaiadas: (i) as tecnologias digitais possuem potencial para amplificar a aprendizagem; e (ii) as tecnologias digitais não minimizam a importância da mediação docente na forma escolar da aprendizagem. (shrink)

This volume presents new research on the use of experimental methodologies in moral and social philosophy. The contributions reflect the growing plurality of methodologies and strategies for implementing experimental work on morality to new domains, problems, and topics. Philosophers are exploring the ways in which empirical approaches can transform our idea of the good, our understanding of the social nature of norms and morality, as well as our methods of fulfilling ethical goals. The chapters in this volume extend experimental work (...) on morality to previously underexplored areas. The contributions in Part 1 explore the methods and foundations of experimental work in areas such as folk moral judgments, metaethical beliefs, moral explanations, and reflective equilibrium. Part 2 focuses on issues in normative ethics, legal, and political philosophy such as virtue ethics, utilitarianism, theories of justice, and criminal responsibility. Finally, the chapters in Part 3 tackle various applied ethical issues including feminist X-Phi, animal welfare, experimental bioethics, and self-driving cars. Experiments in Moral and Political Philosophy will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in ethics, applied ethics, experimental philosophy, social and political philosophy, and philosophy of law. (shrink)

This volume presents new research on the use of experimental methodologies in moral and social philosophy. The contributions reflect the growing plurality of methodologies and strategies for implementing experimental work on morality to new domains, problems, and topics. Philosophers are exploring the ways in which empirical approaches can transform our idea of the good, our understanding of the social nature of norms and morality, as well as our methods of fulfilling ethical goals. The chapters in this volume extend experimental work (...) on morality to previously underexplored areas. The contributions in Part 1 explore the methods and foundations of experimental work in areas such as folk moral judgments, metaethical beliefs, moral explanations, and reflective equilibrium. Part 2 focuses on issues in normative ethics, legal, and political philosophy such as virtue ethics, utilitarianism, theories of justice, and criminal responsibility. Finally, the chapters in Part 3 tackle various applied ethical issues including feminist X-Phi, animal welfare, experimental bioethics, and self-driving cars. Experiments in Moral and Political Philosophy will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in ethics, applied ethics, experimental philosophy, social and political philosophy, and philosophy of law. (shrink)